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Nominal

Nominal declension is based on case, gender, and number, in order. Each parameter is indicated by a phoneme, respectively consonant, vowel, and tone, effectively forming a syllable.

Case

There are five cases:

• nom nominative: s
• acc accusative: n
• abl ablative: t
• dat dative: d
• gen genitive: c

There is also vocative case, which is unmarked, but this is rarely used.

Gender

There are five genders, named after five phases in wǔxíng:

• wo wood: a
• fi fire: e
• ea earth: i
• mt metal: o
• wa water: u
• unknown/mixed: y

Number

There are three numbers:

• sg singular: level tone
• sv several: falling tone
• pl plural: rising tone